USR PUBLISHER

The research employed a completely randomized experimental design and the study investigated the anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects of Zingiber officinale ethanol extract in male Wistar albino rats in-duced with albumin. Thirty rats were assigned into five groups: a blank control, a negative (inflammation-induced) control, a standard treatment group, and two treatment groups receiving low and high doses of Zingiber officinale extract. The serum levels of key inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers (TNF-α, Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3) were measured using ELISA techniques. Results showed a marked increase in TNF-α in the negative control (322.66 ± 0.0395 pg/ml) compared to the blank control (139.5 ± 0.0364 pg/ml), con-firming inflammation-induced immune disruption. Treatment with Zingiber officinale extract significantly reduced TNF-α, particularly in the high-dose group (140.65 ± 0.0538 pg/ml), restoring levels close to base-line. Similarly, Bcl-2 decreased in the negative control (0.423 ± 0.0271 ng/ml) relative to the blank (1.072 ± 0.0017 ng/ml) but was improved in the high-dose treated group (0.757 ± 0.0447 ng/ml). Caspase-3 activity, suppressed in the negative control (0.479 ± 0.0528 ng/ml), was restored in both low- and high-dose treat-ment groups (0.730 ± 0.0078 ng/ml; 0.733 ± 0.0826 ng/ml). Conversely, Bax expression showed a minimal response, remaining suppressed in both treated groups (0.065–0.066 pg/ml) compared to the blank (0.206 ± 0.0021 pg/ml). Overall, the findings reaffirm the anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic potential of Zingiber officinale, supporting its traditional use in managing inflammation and highlighting its promise as a cost-effective natural therapeutic agent for immune modulation.